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PTSD: causes, symptoms and treatment

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that develops after experiencing and/or witnessing one or more traumatic events.

Here you will find an overview of information about PTSD, book recommendations, and articles.

Explanation of PTSD

What is PTSD?

Post-traumatic stress disorder, abbreviated as PTSD, is a mental disorder that can develop after experiencing and/or witnessing a traumatic event.

PTSD symptoms

Perhaps you recognize it: you suffer from flashbacks or nightmares, a feeling of restlessness, and a constant sense of impending danger. These are common symptoms of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder).

DSM criteria for PTSD

PTSD was first included as a psychological disorder in the DSM in 1980. The DSM criteria have been slightly adjusted over the years.

PTSD and the nervous system

PTSD is often accompanied by a state of hyperarousal. This can manifest as increased irritability, the feeling of constantly being ‘on,’ and difficulty relaxing. 

Your stress system remains active, even when there is no longer any immediate danger.

More about the nervous system:

Webinar: October 1, 2026, 7:00 PM

PTSD and partner relationships - When love is under pressure

A conversation with Aerjen Tamminga

Books about PTSD

Trauma spores

Trauma spores

In the shadow of PTSD

If the sirens keep howling

If the sirens keep wailing

Frequently asked questions about PTSD

Post-traumatic stress disorder (abbreviated as PTSD) is a psychological condition that develops after experiencing or witnessing one or more traumatic events.

-> Read more about what PTSD is

PTSD is characterized by symptoms within four different categories: re-experiencing (intrusions), avoidance, negative feelings and thoughts, and hyperarousal. Which symptoms someone suffers from, and to what extent, varies from person to person.

–> Read more about PTSD symptoms

Yes, recovery from PTSD is possible. With the right support and treatment, symptoms can significantly decrease or even disappear. The recovery process from PTSD varies per person. 

-> Read more about the treatment of PTSD

Complex PTSD (abbreviated as C-PTSD) develops after repeated and prolonged traumatic experiences. In addition to the ‘classic’ PTSD symptoms, people with C-PTSD also experience problems with emotion regulation, relationships, self-image and self-confidence, and dissociation. 

–> Read more about CPTSD

A common misconception is that trauma and PTSD are the same thing. Although these two terms are closely related, there are important differences. Not everyone with trauma has PTSD; conversely, everyone with PTSD also has trauma.

PTSD is a result of traumatic experiences.

–> Read more misconceptions about PTSD

Approximately 80% of the Dutch population experiences at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. The majority of these individuals do not develop long-term symptoms. It is estimated that about 9% develop PTSD. This can happen to anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background.

–> Read more about risk factors for PTSD 

Articles about PTSD

Why MDMA for PTSD?

Trauma and the Female Brain

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Traumanet Congress October 16

On Friday, October 16, we are already organizing our 4th conference!

This afternoon, with five engaging speakers, we will reflect on trauma and resilience from various cultural perspectives. Welcome!